1 Purpose

1.1 Measure the color and chromatic aberration of object reflection

1.2 Measure the ISO brightness (blue whiteness R457) and the fluorescent whitening degree of fluorescent whitening materials

1.3 Measure CIE whiteness (Ganz whiteness W10 and color cast value TW10)

1.4 Measure ceramic whiteness

1.5 Measure the whiteness of building materials and non-metal minerals

1.6 Measure Hunter System Lab and Hunter (Lab) whiteness

1.7 Measure yellowness

1.8 Measure opacity, transparency, light scattering coefficient and light absorption coefficient of test sample

1.9 Measure absorption value of printing ink

 

2 Main technical characteristics

2.1 Simulate D65 illuminant for lighting. Adopt CIE 1964 chroma supplement system and CIE 1976（L*a*b*）color space chromatic aberration formula.

2.2 Adopt d/o lighting to observe the geometric conditions. The diameter of diffuse reflection ball is 150mm and of test hole is 25mm. There is light absorber to eliminate the influence of specular reflected light of test sample.

Parameter item	Technique index
Power	AC(100～240)V，(50/60)Hz
Working environment	Temperature: (10～35)℃, Relative humidity < 85％
Sample size	Test plane≥φ30mm, Thickness≤40mm
Accuracy	Color coordinates≤0.001, Others 0.01
Measurement value stability	30min after preheating, within ±5°C , ≤ 0.1
Repeatability error	Rx、Ry、Rz≤0.03, Color coordinates≤0.001,, R457≤0.03
Printer	Built-in thermal printer
Communication Interface	RS232
External dimension	380(L*)260(W)*400(H)mm
Instrument net weight	15kg

 

3 Structure characteristics

3.1 Adopt high-pixel LCD and menu-type operation interface with detailed Chinese hints. It has easy operation and direct display.

3.2 Adopt high-speed thermosensitive minitype printer for data needing to be printed with slight noise.

3.3 The equipment adopts integrative mechanic structure design and is overall beautiful and firm .

The lower back of the equipment has socket (with fuse 1S inside) and power switch. The socket end connecting ground (connecting the equipment shell) should be reliably connected. The upper part is the mainbody of the equipment with measuring photoelectric parts inside. The underside of the diffuse reflection ball is measuring hole and its underside is equipped with test sample support and compactor. Put the test sample on the support and press it under the measuring hole. The upside of pulling board is equipped with UV block filter; turn the adjustment bolt beside the left pulling board to adjust the UV degree of lighting; when measuring fluorescent whitening degree, pull out the pulling board to eliminate the UV radiation of lighting. The operator turns the handwheel on the right side to shift between R457, Rx, Ry and Rz and decide the orientation by hand feeling. It displays successively R457、Rx、Ry和Rz on the lower right corner of LCD. The light source tungsten halide lamp is set inside the back lens hood. The filament height should be level to the center of condenser. It’s equipped with black canister and work standard board for equipment calibration.

Chart 4-1 Keyboard panel

3.4 See keyboard in Chart 4-1 and the functions are as follows:

3.5 Equipment appearance figure

 

4 Symbols and formula of measurement terms

4.1  Color （Colour）

The diffuse reflection factors of red, green and blue colors: 、and

Stimulus values: 、、

 

Chromaticity coordinates: 、、

 

Brightness index:

Chroma index: 、

Chromaticity: ，

Hue angle: ,

Hunter Lab color space brightness:

Hunter Lab color space chroma: 、

 

Dominant wavelength:  (Unit: nm), negative value is complementary color wavelength

Excitation purity:

Yellowness：

4.2 Chromatic aberration

Brightness aberration:

Chromaticity aberration:

Hue aberration:

Total chromatic aberration:

 

 

4.3 Blue whiteness (ISO whiteness): R₄₅₇

Fluorescent whitening degree:

4.4 Ganz whiteness

CIE whiteness:

Color cast:

Applied to the conditions as follows:

 

Color cast value negative value indicates red cast and positive value indicates blue and green cast.

4.5 Ceramic whiteness

The whiteness calculated by the whiteness formula of green cast and yellow cast for daily ceramics according to GB/T 1503-92 is as follows:

 

(Green white when)

 

(Yellow white when  or )

In the formulas: ;

4.6  The whiteness of building materials and non-metal minerals

4.7 Hunter whiteness

4.8 Opacity:

    In the formulas: ——black back is lined with a piece of test paper, the diffuse reflection factor R_y measured value

——R_y measured value of multi-layer test sample (opaque)

4.9   Transparency:

 In the formulas: R₈₄——adopt R_y=84 white board as back lining, measured value of one-layer test sample

4.10 Light scattering coefficient S, light absorption coefficient A

，（）

，（）

In the formulas: g——test sample quantification （）

4.11 Paint ink absorption value:

In the formulas: R——test sample measured value before applying paint ink

R′——test sample measured value after applying paint ink（original test sample back lining）

c——paint ink coefficient

4.12 User-defined whiteness:

In the formulas: a and b can be set by the user and can either positive or negative

 

5 Equipment adjustments

The apparatus U =      ; FA =          .

Note: except to measuring fluorescence brightness F， plate pull out when necessary, all other operations must push the plate to the end (lower left-hand corner of LCD display ).

5.1 Getting zero 
Turn the hand-wheel to R_{457 .}  Press zero key to display the following graph:

Place the black canister, then press .  It will take about 3 seconds to finish getting zero. And then turn the hand-wheel to Rx, Ry, Rz, respectively, get zero according to the same operation.

5.2 calibration

Turn the hand-wheel to R_{457 .}  Press calibrate key to display the following graph:

Press  key to input the value of No.1 standard board, then press  key（if this data is the same with the standard board, then press  key directly）, this calibration takes about three seconds to finish. Then turn the hand-wheel to Rx, Ry, Rz, respectively, do the calibration with the same operation.

5.3 No. settings (and specify the chromatism of the reference sample) 
By pressing “set” key to display the main menu as follows:

Press “set” key, then key, display as followings:

Number (No) the first and reference sample (rf) No. linkage, the last two digital are arbitrary numbers, the latter two such as 00, then it will not show its Number in the testing, otherwise show its Number. Thus the effective number is X01 ~ X99.
For example, numbered 202, then the number corresponding to test chromatism samples for reference ref.2.

5.4 Browse

To browse the data for numbered sample

Press “set” key, then press several times of  key to Select the menu of Browse, then press key, display as followings:

Enter the last two digital of numbers have been measured, press key,  can be obtained from the number of chrominance data.

5.5 Reference sample setting
To test chromatism , you must have a reference sample. The apparatus can enter 10 groups of the reference sample, have two ways to input, a data input, the other is the measurement of input samples.

5.5.1 Data input as followings:

Press “set” key, then press several times of  key to Select the menu of Reference sample, then press key, display as followings:

Press  key to input data, shift, RF key to calculate and “set”key to exit.

5.5.2 Input samples as followings:

Under test conditions, press RF key, as follows:

Turn the hand-wheel to test Rx、Ry、Rz separately, i.e. the inputed sample value, also can test several times and get average value.

5.6 Chroma option

Press “set” key, and press several times of  key to Select the menu of chroma option, then press key, display as followings:

Corresponding option shows "Y" express selected, "N" indicates that no election, "Y" express priority.
YI: yellowness, W₁₀ Ganz whiteness (CIE),

W_s User-defined whiteness, W_J Building Materials whiteness, W_H Hunter whiteness.

5.7 OP.T.S.A option

Press “set” key, and several times of  key to Select the menu of OP.T.S.A option, then press key, display as followings:

Corresponding option shows "Y" express selected, "N" indicates that no election

5.8 Parameter setting (U, FA, g, c)

5.8.1 Adjusting lighting UV radiance degree

If measure the R₄₅₇ whiteness of fluorescent whitening test sample, put on No. 3 working board, turn handwheel to the position R_457, push the pulling board, Then press test key (measuring key). The displayed number should be close the R₄₅₇ standard value of No. 3 board (the difference should not be more than 0.3). If the displayed number is lower than standard value, turn clockwise the adjusting bolt near pulling board with small slotted screwdriver (otherwise, if more than standard value, turn the adjusting bolt counterclockwise) and push the pulling board till the end, pulling board after adjusting screw may not have in the end, then press test key. The above 6.1 , 6.2 should be repeated many times till the displayed number is equal to the R₄₅₇ standard value of No. 3 board and take No. 3 board off.

5.8.2 Set the fluorescent factor U value

If need to measure the fluorescent whitening degree of fluorescent whitening test sample, the fluorescent factor U value should be pre-set.

Turn the handwheel to R₄₅₇ position. Push the pulling board, calibrate and adjust lighting UV degree as 6.8.1, put No.3 working standard board on test sample support (marked with whiteness R₄₅₇ and the fluorescent whitening degree F value). Press M key. The measured value should be equal toR₄₅₇ standard value; then pull out the pulling board and press test key, It indicates  value. , the fluorescent whiteness modification number u has been set before leaving factory.

Press “set” key, and several times of  key to Select the menu of menu, then press key, display as followings:

Press  key to input data, presskey to shift, “set” key to exit. U: fluorescence factor, FA: fluorescent whiteness of the correct value. g: quantitative units g/m2, c: coefficient ink.

5.9 User-defined whiteness

The apparatus also provides a User-defined whiteness formulas, user-friendly in the use of some special occasions.

Press “set” key, and several times of  key to Select the menu of User-defined whiteness, then press key, display as followings:

Press  key to input data,  key to shift, and “set” key to exit.

5.10 Time setting

Press “set” key, and several times of  key to Select the menu of time, then press key, display as followings:

Press  key to input data, and “set” key to exit.

 

6 Measurement

6.1  ISO brightness (blue whiteness) measurement

Adjust lighting UV radiation according to 6.8.1 (generally it won’t change after one time of adjustment unless changing bulb)

Push the pulling board. Turn the handwheel to R₄₅₇ light path, put on test sample and press test key to measure to get ISO brightness.

To get average value, then first press average key(the function is to remove the measure times, the next measurement started from the first, if not press the average key, as already measured data into the average users want to lead rather than the average ), after repeated measurements (up to 8 times), according to pressing the average key can take the average.
Users may press  key to browse the measured data  brfore make the average as the following:

6.2 Measure fluorescent whitening degree

Adjust lighting UV radiation according to 6.8.1. Set fluorescent factor U according to 6.8.2. Turn the handwheel to R₄₅₇ light path and put on test sample. Press test key to get R₄₅₇ value, Then pull out the pulling-plate and then press D/F key to get fluorescent whitening F.

6.3  Chroma measurement (For a Chroma test to be done must first number, and designated reference sample.)
Turn the hand-wheel to the Rx, Ry, Rz and do each measurement time (or repeatedly make the average), press  key to browse chroma data (data selected by Chroma option).

6.4 Measure the opacity（OP be selected in OP.T.S.A option）

Turn hand-wheel to Ry, first, place  multi-layer paper, then press Rα key (or multiple check average), and then single-contrast black canister, press R₀ key (or multiple check average), that is measured by OP.

6.5 Light scattering coefficient and light absorption coefficient measurement（SA be selected in OP.T.S.A option）

Turn hand-wheel to Ry,first,place multi-layer paper , then press Rα key (or multiple check average), and then single-contrast black canister,  press R₀ key (or multiple check average), that is measured by SA.

6.6 Transparency measurement （T be selected in OP.T.S.A option）

Turn hand-wheel to Ry,first, place single-contrast 84 standard board, then press R₈₄ key (or multiple check average), and then single-contrast black canister,  press R₀ key (or multiple check average), that is measured by T.

6.7 Paint ink absorption value measurement

Place non-coated paper without ink, and press Rα key (or multiple check average), and then coated paper after the ink, and press Ri key (or multiple check average), that is, ink absorption value “I”.

6.8 Light density measurement

Place the specimen, and turn the hand-wheel to Ry, press D / F key to get Dy value. turn the hand-wheel to Rz, press D / F key to get Dz value.(lead-concentration).

 

7 Etalon and the measured values

Etalon has two types of transmission standard and working standard according to different purposes. Generally, etalon nominal diffuse reflection factors R_X、R_Y、R_Z and R₄₅₇ measured values （%）. If three stimulation values X₁₀、Y₁₀、Z₁₀ are calibrated, it can calculate R_X、R_Y、R_Z values by the following formulas.

R_X=1.301355X₁₀-0.217961Z₁₀

Y₁₀=R_Y

R_Z=0.931263Z₁₀

Fluorescent whitening etalon should mark diffuse reflection factor R₄₅₇ and fluorescent whitening degree F measured value in order to adjust lighting UV radiation and calculate fluorescent factor u value according to 6.3 and 6.4.

7.1 Transfer standard

Transfer standard is for transferring measured value to working standard. Transfer stand should has even and smooth diffuse reflection work surface. The common transfer standard materials are including barium sulphate or magnesium powder, white ceramics, fluorescent whitening plastics or non-fluorescent white plastics, fluorescent whitening paper or non-fluorescent white paper etc. Generally, the closer transfer standard characteristics are to tested sample, the lower the error of this test sample measure is. Therefore, the user should try to choose the materials that are the same or close to the tested sample and submit regularly the nominal measured values to the superior measuring department according to measuring system requirements.

7.2 Work standard

Work standard is used when adjusting equipment in daily work. The equipment provides three white boards as work standard in which No. 1 and No. 2 are non-fluorescent standard board and No. 3 is fluorescent whitening standard board. No. 1 work board is used for daily calibration. No. 2 is calibration board and should be carefully preserved. And use No. 1 board to measure values if necessary. The calibration method is: like 6.1 calibration, but use No. 2 board to calibrate equipment; then measure No. 1 board R_X、R_Y、R_Z and R₄₅₇ values as the nominal values that is to re-calibrate No. 1 board values. No. 3 board is used to calibrate lighting UV radiation of equipment as 6.3.1.

7.3 Measured values transfer

There are two transfer standards: non-fluorescent transfer standards mark R_X、R_Y、R_Z and R₄₅₇ values. The fluorescent whitening transfer standards mark diffuse reflection factor R₄₅₇ and fluorescent whitening F value

Adopt non-fluorescent transfer standard, and use fluorescent whitening transfer standard by the reference of 6.1 calibration equipment. Adjust lighting UV radiation referring to 6.3.1. Set fluorescent factor u value as 6.3.2. Finally measure work standard board, No. l and 2 board R_X、R_Y、R_Z和R₄₅₇ values and No. 3 board R₄₅₇ and fluorescent calibration equipment and adjust lighting UV radiation

 

8 Operation fault and equipment malfunction

8.1 Operation fault

The equipment operation faults mostly have display clue and sound clue (sound clue is longer than key-pressing sound)

Especially when the black canister is put by mistake on test sample in calibration to lead to that any test sample is 0, the user would think it’s equipment fault. And actually it’ll be solved if users re-calibrate correctly.

8.2 Equipment malfunction

After the equipment starts and self-tests, please open the back board of equipment if it indicates abnormal mistake signal

• If handwheel is in position
• Check if bulb is lighting. If not, please replace it and make sure bulb core is level to lens center
• Check if bulb turns black or white. If it’s abnormal, please replace bulb.
• If bulb is normal, please check the position that if bulb core is level to lens center. If the position is wrong, please adjust position.
• Turn off power supply and pull out plug; open upper board and back board and re-plug in all the sockets and then cover the cover board for electricity availability test.
• Press set key to enter adjust menu. Input password 123456 to enter automatic adjust signal menu. Press ↙key to automatically adjust signal and then re-calibrate equipment.
• If optic glass goes moldy, open upper board to check optic glass on rotation plate. Press M key to observe the light penetrability when light is on. If basically not penetrable, it needs to replace glass

8.2.2 If the keys have no reaction after turning on machine, please check if fuse inside power socket is damaged. If it is, please replace fuse 1A/250V

 

9 Maintenance

Equipment must have power supply 220V±10％ 50Hz, and if voltage is not conforming to requirements, please use AC transformer. Turn off power supply after finishing equipment and cover the protection cover to keep clean.

Use clean gauze to clean test hole and test sample support after measure powder test sample to avoid adding powder and getting pollution for continuous test.

Don’t touch standard board surface by hand. Use absorbent cotton to clean standard board with alcohol to clean dirt. After using black canister, put hole down to avoid dust. The etalon should be placed inside accessory box to keep clean

Don’t touch optic parts by hand. Use nippers to nip absorbent cotton with alcohol to clean.

Don’t do power supply maintenance work to eliminate electric malfunction with electricity on